This tab covers how the column or columns are loaded and supported.
Connections and Restraints
You must have at least two restraints per column. All restraints above the bottom most restraint are assumed be unrestrained in the vertical (Y) direction.
Column Type
The user may select between pinned, fixed, vertical roller, or nothing for the bottom most node. Typically the bottom connection for a precast column is modelled as a pin (fixed against translation but not rotation).
Bottom Connection
The user may select between pinned, fixed, vertical roller, or nothing for the bottom most node. Typically the bottom connection for a precast column is modelled as a pin (fixed against translation but not rotation).
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Boundary Conditions
Header | Description |
|---|---|
Column Type | Can set if the column is a uniaxial or biaxial column |
Top Connection | Sets the top of the column to be a free end condition (none), pinned against lateral translation, fixed against translation and rotation, or partially fixed with a spring stiffness. |
Bottom Connection | Sets the bottom of the column to be a free end condition (none), pinned against lateral translation, fixed against translation and rotation, or partially fixed with a spring stiffness. |
Restraint(s)
All restraints above the bottom most restraint are assumed be unrestrained in the vertical (Y) direction.
Header | Description |
|---|---|
Add Restraint | The user may select between pinned, fixed, vertical roller, or nothing for the bottom most node. Typically the bottom connection for a precast |
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panel is |
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modeled as a pin (fixed against translation but not rotation). |
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Remove Restraint | While you could add a floor tie in the restraint table, using this option flags this restraint as the ‘floor restraint’. This |
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Add restraint
Add a restraint (row) to the restraint table.
Remove restraint(s)
Remove one or more restraints from the restraint table.
Copy restraint(s)
Copy one or more restraints within the restraint table.
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exposes additional options for when the floor tie is cast. | |
Copy Restraint | Incremented number assigned to the restraint for identification in the model. |
Elevation | Height or vertical position of the restraint. |
Front/Back | Sets the restraint to function in the y direction. |
Left/Right | Sets the restraint to function in the x direction. |
Type | Can set the restraint to be a pin or a spring with a user defined spring stiffness. |
Delta x/y | Defines the deflection at the restraint, if pinned. Can be used to model story drift. |
Releases
Can add moment releases at this section. These are often used to model joints between two panels.
Header | Description |
|---|---|
ID | Incremented number assigned to the |
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release for identification in the model. |
Elevation | Height or vertical position of the |
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Type: Restrained
This restraint acts as a pinned-roller, except when it is the bottom most restraint when it will act as a pinned-pinned.
Type: Spring
This restraint will act as a translational spring. When selected, a corresponding stiffness must be entered.
Type: Hinge
This restraint will act as a moment hinge (also referred to as an end release).
Stiffness
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release. |
Loading
Header | Description |
|---|---|
Live Load Scale Factor | An additional multiplier to be applied to all live load. Can be used to model live load reduction from ASCE 7. |
Load locations input as… | offset from face / centerline: Loads will be input relative to a selected face on the member. Offsets from the face’s centerline may also be input. Eccentricity will be computed based on the given offsets. eccentricity: Eccentricity in the x and y direction will be input directly by the user. |
Concentrated loads can be input anywhere on the member and can be positioned on either one of two faces or one of four faces depending on if the column is bi-axial or uni-axial. All loads are input such that a positive vertical orientation is pointing downwards and a positive lateral orientation is pointing towards the member.
Vertical Loads
Input | Description |
|---|---|
ID | Identifier for the load (V# for vertical) |
Elevation | The elevation of the load |
Face | The face the load is offset from (only active for offset based input) |
Offset | The offset from the face. A positive offset is always away from the face. (only active for offset based input) |
Eccentricity | The computed total eccentricity. This value is what will be used when determining the applied point moments. (only active for eccentricity based input) |
Dead | Dead load component of the load. |
Live | Live load component of the load. |
Roof | Roof load component of the load. |
Pressure | Wind pressure component of the load. |
Suction | Wind suction component of the load. |
Seismic | Seismic component of the load. |
Other | Other component of the load. This type is a general type and can be used when the given load does not fall into another category. |
Lateral Loads
Input | Description |
|---|---|
ID | Identifier for the load |
Elevation | The elevation of the load |
Face | The face the load is offset from |
Dead | Dead load component of the load. |
Live | Live load component of the load. |
Roof | Roof load component of the load. |
Pressure | Wind pressure component of the load. |
Suction | Wind suction component of the load. |
Seismic | Seismic component of the load. |
Other | Other component of the load. This type is a general type and can be used when the given load does not fall into another category. |
Lateral Load Orientation
Face | Positive Direction | Positive Axis |
|---|---|---|
Front | Front to Back | -Y |
Back | Back to Front | +Y |
Left | Left to Right | +X |
Right | Right to Left | -X |
Point Moments
Input | Description |
|---|---|
ID | Identifier for the load |
Elevation | The elevation of the load |
Axis | Defines the x or y axis as the axis of rotation |
Dead | Dead load component of the load. |
Live | Live load component of the load. |
Roof | Roof load component of the load. |
Pressure | Wind pressure component of the load. |
Suction | Wind suction component of the load. |
Seismic | Seismic component of the load. |
Other | Other component of the load. This type is a general type and can be used when the given load does not fall into another category. |
Wind Loads
Wind loads, both pressure and suction, can be added on any face of the member. Wind load orientation is such that a positive magnitude is pointing towards the member relative to the face it is on (for both pressure and suction). For more information see Lateral Load Orientation below.
Input | Description |
|---|---|
Start Location | The start location of the wind load measured from the start of the column. |
End Location | End end location of the wind load measured from the end of the column. |
Face | The face the wind load being applied to. |
Start Magnitudes | The starting magnitude of the load. |
End Magnitude | The ending magnitude of the load. |
Additional Weight
Input | Description |
|---|---|
Start from Bottom | The start location of the load measured from the bottom of the column. |
End from Top | The end location of the load measured from the top of the column. |
Magnitude | The magnitude of the additional self weight. |
Seismic Load
Percent of dead load to be added as lateral seismic load
A percentage of the dead load (per unit length) to be applied laterally as a seismic load. For uni-axial members seismic loads are applied in the ±Y direction. For bi-axial members seismic loads are applied in both the ±Y and ±X directions.
Analysis Section
The user can select between the Entire section and a sub-section to be used in the analysis. The entire section is the one defined on the Concrete Extents tab. The sub-section must be defined here.
Bounds
Input | Description |
|---|---|
from Left | Distance from the left face of the typical section to the boundary of the input sub-section. |
from Front | Distance from the front face of the typical section to the boundary of the input sub-section. |
front Right | Distance from the right face of the typical section to the boundary of the input sub-section. |
front Back | Distance from the back face of the typical section to the boundary of the input sub-section. |
Options
Input | Description |
|---|---|
for self weight | If this option is selected, the geometry of the sub-section will be used for the in-place analysis, and the self-weight of the entire section will be applied. |
for loading centroid and faces | If this option is selected, the loading eccentricities will be measured from the centroid of the entire section, rather than the centroid of the sub-section. |
until first opening | Will ignore sub section inputs from the bottom of the column to the bottom of the first opening. |